ABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Determinar la existencia de contaminación por patógenos en fórmulas infantiles en polvo (FIP) procesadas en los dos hospitales públicos más grandes de Honduras y evaluar las condiciones de procesamiento de sus servicios de fórmulas infantiles (SFI). MÉTODOS: Estudio exploratorio realizado en dos etapas: ') Evaluación presencial de las condiciones de procesamiento de las FIP de los dos SFI; 2) Recolección y análisis de las muestras FIP para el aislamiento de Cronobacter spp. y enterobacterias. RESULTADOS: La evaluación de los SFI mostró debilidades en diferentes aspectos como infraestructura, almacenamiento, capacitación y registros. Cincuenta muestras fueron recolectadas en total de cinco marcas originarias de seis países. El 38% se encontraban en uso durante el muestreo y 62% fueron recolectadas de latas selladas. Se comprobó la presencia de Cronobacter spp. en 4% (2/50) del total de muestras, una proveniente de cada hospital. Se elaboró y entregó un manual de procesamiento de FIP a cada hospital participante. CONCLUSIONES: Existe contaminación de Cronobacter spp., Klebsiella y Acinetobacter en los dos hospitales hondureños; resultado similar a los estimados en Chile (5%) y Cuba (',6%). Es necesaria la implementación del manual de procesamiento FIP y el monitoreo de estos y otros microorganismos patógenos.
OBJECTIVES: Determine the existence of pathogen contamination in powdered infant formulas (PIF) processed in the two largest public hospitals in Honduras and evaluate the processing conditions of their infant formula services (IFS). METHODS: Exploratory study executed in two stages: ') faceto-face evaluation of the processing conditions of the PIF of the two IFS; 2) Collection and analysis of the PIF samples for Cronobacter spp. and Enterobacteriaceae isolation. RESULTS: The evaluation of the IFS showed weaknesses in different aspects such as infrastructure, storage, training and keeping records. In total, fifty samples were collected, representing five brands from six countries. Thirty eight percent of samples were collected from cans in use during sampling and 62% were collected from sealed cans. The presence of Cronobacter spp. was detected in 4% (2/50) of the total samples, one from each hospital. A PIF processing manual was prepared and delivered to each participating hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Contamination of Cronobacter spp., Klebsiella and Acinetobacter existed in two evaluated Honduran hospitals; results similar to others in Chile (5%) and Cuba ('.6%). It is necessary to implement the PIF processing manual and monitor these and other pathogenic microorganisms
Subject(s)
Humans , Food Contamination , Infant Formula/microbiology , Cronobacter/isolation & purification , Food Microbiology , Dried Full-Cream Milk , Honduras , HospitalsABSTRACT
Cronobacter spp. é um patógeno oportunista que pode causar infecções em indivíduos de qualquer idade, cuja incidência é maior em neonatos, pacientes imunocomprometidos e idosos. Neste estudo Cronobacter spp. foi pesquisado em 90 amostras de queijos (30 do tipo Minas Frescal, 30 do tipo Prato e 30 do tipo Prato fatiado). As espécies isoladas foram identificadas, e foi avaliado o perfil de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando-se pré-enriquecimento em água peptonada tamponada, enriquecimento seletivo no caldo lauril sulfato triptose contendo vancomicina, isolamento no meio Enterobacter sakazakii Isolation Agar e identificação no Vitek 2.0. As espécies foram identificadas por meio de múltipla PCR com alvo no gene cgcA. O antibiograma foi realizado pela técnica de difusão em ágar (KirbyBauer). Cronobacter spp. foi isolada em uma (1,1 %) amostra de queijo tipo Minas Frescal, identificada como C. sakazakii que apresentou sensibilidade a todos os antimicrobianos testados. Cronobacter spp. pode não representar risco à saúde dos indivíduos pelo consumo de queijos produzidos com leite pasteurizado. Entretanto, a presença de Cronobacter spp. em uma amostra de queijo demonstra falhas na produção, o que reforça a necessidade de maior adesão às Boas Práticas de Fabricação.
Cronobacter spp. is an opportunistic pathogen that may cause infections in individuals of any age, and the highest incidence occurs in neonates, immunocompromised patients and elderly persons. This study investigated Cronobacter spp. occurrence in 90 cheese samples (30 Minas Frescal type cheeses, 30 Prato type and 30 sliced Prato type). The isolated species were identified and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolated strains was evaluated. The microbiological assay was performed with pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water, and selective-enrichment in modified lauryl sulphate tryptose broth containing vancomycin. Isolation and identification were done in Enterobacter sakazakii Isolation Agar and in Vitek 2.0, respectively. The species identification was performed by multiple PCR targeting cgaA gene. Antibiogram was done using agar diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). Cronobacter spp. was isolated from one (1.1 %) sample of Minas Frescal type cheese, identified as C. sakazakii which was sensitive to all of tested antimicrobials. Cronobacter spp. does not represent a risk to the individuals health by consuming cheeses made from pasteurized milk. However, the presence of Cronobacter spp. in one sample of analyzed cheese indicates failures in their production, reinforcing the need for following the Good Manufacturing Practices.